Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations (SOR/2013-24)

Vocational Tractors

Marginal note:CO₂ emission standards

• 28 (1) Subject to subsection (2), section 27 applies to vocational tractors.

• Marginal note:Maximum number

  (2) A company that manufactures or imports vocational tractors for sale in Canada may elect to have a maximum of 5250 of the Class 7 and Class 8 vocational tractors that it manufactures or imports in any period of three consecutive model years conform to the emission standards applicable to vocational vehicles instead of those applicable to vocational tractors, if it reports the election in its end of model year report.

Heavy-duty Engines

N₂O and CH₄ Emissions

Marginal note:Standards

• 29 (1) Subject to paragraph 25(d), every heavy-duty engine that is a compression-ignition engine of the 2014 model year or a subsequent model year and every heavy-duty engine that is a spark-ignition engine of the 2016 model year or a subsequent model year must, for the duration of their useful life, have N₂O and CH₄ emission values that do not exceed 0.10 g/BHP-hr.

• Marginal note:Values

  (2) The N₂O and CH₄ emission values for the engines referred to in subsection (1) correspond to the emission values of the tested engine configuration referred to in section 235(a) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart C, of the CFR, for the engine family, measured in accordance with the transient duty cycle, taking into account sections 108(d) to (f) and 150(g) of subpart B, sections 235(b) and 241(c) and (d) of subpart C and subparts E and F of part 1036, Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, of the CFR.

• Marginal note:Engine configuration

  (3) For the purposes of subsection (2), the tested engine configuration for the model year in question is determined using the engine sales in Canada if none of the engines of the engine family are sold in the United States.

• Marginal note:Fleet calculation

  (4) A company that manufactures or imports engines referred to in subsection (1) whose N₂O emission value or CH₄ emission value exceeds the emission standard set out in that subsection must group those engines of a given model year into fleets in accordance with section 18 and must calculate the N₂O or CH₄ emission deficit, as the case may be, for each of those fleets, expressed in megagrams of CO₂, using the formula

  ((A – B) × C × D × E × F) ÷ (1 000 000)

  where

  A

  is 0.10 g/BHP-hr;

  B

  is the N₂O or CH₄ family emission limit for the fleet, as the case may be, expressed in g/BHP-hr;

  C

  is the number of engines in the fleet;

  D

  is the transient cycle conversion factor calculated in accordance with the applicable variable “CF” in section 705(b) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart H, of the CFR, except that a reference to “production volumes” in that section must be read as a reference to “number of engines of that engine family that a company imports or manufactures in Canada for the purpose of sale in Canada to the first retail purchaser”;

  E

  is the engine’s useful life, expressed in miles; and

  F

  is the global warming potential and is equal to the following number of CO₂ emission credits, expressed in megagrams of CO₂, needed to offset a deficit of N₂O or CH₄:

  • (a) for each megagram of N₂O, 298; and

  • (b) for each megagram of CH₄,

    • (i) for the 2020 model year and earlier model years, 25, and

    • (ii) for the 2021 model year and subsequent model years, 34.

• Marginal note:Separate calculation

  (4.1) For the purposes of subsection (4), if both the N₂O emission value and the CH₄ emission value exceed 0.10 g/BHP-hr, the N₂O and CH₄ emission deficits must be calculated separately.

• Marginal note:Family emission limit

  (5) For the purposes of subsection (4), every heavy-duty engine within a fleet must conform to the N₂O or CH₄ family emission limit for the fleet.

• Marginal note:Offsetting fleet emission deficit

  (6) The deficit calculated under subsection (4) must be offset by using the CO₂ emission credits obtained in accordance with sections 34 to 47 for the averaging set in which the fleet is included.

• Marginal note:No credits

  (7) For greater certainty, and subject to subsection (8), the company must not obtain CO₂ emission credits with respect to N₂O and CH₄ emissions for the purpose of participation in the CO₂ emission credit system set out in sections 34 to 47.

• Marginal note:Credits for low N₂O emissions

  (8) If a company’s heavy-duty engines from a fleet of the 2014, 2015 or 2016 model year conform to an N₂O family emission limit that is less than 0.04 g/BHP-hr, the company may obtain CO₂ emission credits for the purpose of participation in the CO₂ emission credit system set out in sections 34 to 47. The credits must be calculated using the following formula, for each fleet, and be expressed in megagrams of CO₂:

  ((A – B) × C × D × E × F) ÷ (1 000 000)

  where

  A

  is 0.04 g/BHP-hr;

  B

  is the N₂O family emission limit for the fleet, expressed in g/BHP-hr;

  C

  is the number of engines in the fleet;

  D

  is the transient cycle conversion factor calculated in accordance with the applicable variable “CF” in section 705(b) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart H, of the CFR, except that a reference to “production volumes” in that section must be read as a reference to “number of engines of that engine family that a company imports or manufactures in Canada for the purpose of sale in Canada to the first retail purchaser”;

  E

  is the engine’s useful life, expressed in miles; and

  F

  is the global warming potential and is equal to 298 Mg of CO₂.

CO₂ Emissions

Marginal note:Standard

• 30 (1) Subject to subsection (2), paragraph 25(d) and sections 31 and 33, every heavy-duty engine of a given model year must, for the duration of its useful life, have a CO₂ emission value that does not exceed the following CO₂ emission standard:

  • (a) in the case of a spark-ignition engine of the 2016 to 2020 model years, 627 g/BHP-hr;

  • (b) in the case of a spark-ignition engine of the 2021 model year or a subsequent model year other than a heavy heavy-duty engine, 627 g/BHP-hr;

  • (c) in the case of a compression-ignition engine of the 2014 to 2020 model years that is of a type referred to in column 1 of the table to this paragraph, the standard set out in column 2 or 3 for the model year in question; or

    	Column 1	Column 2	Column 3
    Item	Type	CO2 Emission Standard (g/BHP-hr) for 2014 to 2016 Model Years	CO2 Emission Standard (g/BHP-hr) for 2017 to 2020 Model Years
    1	Light heavy-duty engine	600	576
    2	Medium heavy-duty engine designed to be used in vocational vehicles	600	576
    3	Heavy heavy-duty engine designed to be used in vocational vehicles	567	555
    4	Medium heavy-duty engine designed to be used in tractors	502	487
    5	Heavy heavy-duty engine designed to be used in tractors	475	460

  • (d) in the case of a compression-ignition engine of the 2021 model year or a subsequent model year or a heavy heavy-duty engine that is a spark-ignition engine of the 2021 model year or a subsequent model year that is of a type referred to in column 1 of the table to this paragraph, the standard set out in column 2, 3 or 4 for the model year in question.

    	Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4
    Item	Type	CO2 Emission Standard (g/BHP-hr) for 2021 to 2023 Model Years	CO2 Emission Standard (g/BHP-hr) for 2024 to 2026 Model Years	CO2 Emission Standard (g/BHP-hr) for 2027 and Subsequent Model Years
    1	Light heavy-duty engine	563	555	552
    2	Medium heavy-duty engine designed to be used in vocational vehicles	545	538	535
    3	Heavy heavy-duty engine designed to be used in vocational vehicles	513	506	503
    4	Medium heavy-duty engine designed to be used in tractors	473	461	457
    5	Heavy heavy-duty engine designed to be used in tractors	447	436	432

• Marginal note:Election — spark-ignition engines

  (2) A company may elect to have any of its spark-ignition engines referred to in paragraph (1)(a) or (b) conform to the emission standard set out in paragraph (1)(c) or (d) that is applicable to compression-ignition engines of the same model year, as if they were compression-ignition engines, instead of the standard set out in paragraph (1)(a) or (b).

Marginal note:Alternative emission standard — 2014 to 2016 model years

• 31 (1) Heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines of the 2014 to 2016 model years may conform to the CO₂ emission standard referred to in section 620 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart G, of the CFR instead of the standard set out in paragraph 30(1)(c) if there are no remaining credits that can be used under sections 42 to 46 for the averaging set of those engines for the model years in question.

• Marginal note:Alternative emission standard — 2013 to 2016 model years

  (2) Heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines of the 2013 to 2016 model years may conform to the CO₂ emission standard referred to in section 150(e) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart B, of the CFR instead of the standard set out in paragraph 30(1)(c) or in subsection (1).

• Marginal note:No early action credits

  (3) The engines referred to in subsection (2) are not eligible for early action credits in accordance with section 47.

• Marginal note:Election to comply with subsection (2)

  (4) A company that elects to conform to the alternative CO₂ emission standard referred to in subsection (2) must continue to comply with that subsection for the other model years referred to in that subsection.

• Marginal note:Alternative emission standard — 2024 to 2026 model years

  (5) For the 2024 to 2026 model years, a company may elect to have its medium heavy-duty engines or heavy heavy-duty engines conform to the applicable alternative CO₂ emission standard referred to in section 150(p)(2) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart B, of the CFR instead of the applicable standard set out in paragraph 30(1)(d).

Marginal note:Value

• 32 (1) The CO₂ emission value for the following heavy-duty engines corresponds to the emission value of the tested engine configuration referred to in section 235(a) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart C, of the CFR for the engine family or engine subfamily, as the case may be, measured in accordance with the following duty cycles, taking into account sections 108(d) to (f) and 150(g) and (m) of subpart B, sections 235(b) and 241(c) and (d) of subpart C and subparts E and F of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, of the CFR:

  • (a) for medium heavy-duty engines and heavy heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines designed to be used in tractors or incomplete tractors, the steady state duty cycle;

  • (b) for medium heavy-duty engines and heavy heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines designed to be used in both vocational vehicles or incomplete vocational vehicles and tractors or incomplete tractors, the steady state duty cycle and transient duty cycle; and

  • (c) for engines other than those referred to in paragraphs (a) and (b), the transient duty cycle.

• Marginal note:Engine configuration

  (2) For the purposes of subsection (1), the tested engine configuration for the model year in question is determined using the engine sales in Canada if none of the engines of the engine family or engine subfamily, as the case may be, are sold in the United States.