International River Improvements Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. I-20)

Marginal note:Production of documents and samples

• 14 (1) The Minister may, for the purposes of this Act, by registered letter or by a demand served personally, require any person, within any reasonable time and in any reasonable manner that may be stipulated in the letter or demand,

  • (a) to produce at a place specified by the Minister any sample taken or any document; or

  • (b) to conduct any tests or take any measurements or samples there.

• Marginal note:Compliance

  (2) Any person who is required to do anything under subsection (1) shall, despite any other law to the contrary, comply with the requirement.

Search and Seizure

Marginal note:Search and seizure without warrant

15 For the purpose of this Act and the regulations, an enforcement officer may exercise the powers of search and seizure provided in section 487 of the Criminal Code without a search warrant if the conditions for obtaining a warrant exist but by reason of exigent circumstances it would not be feasible to obtain it.

Assistance to Enforcement Officers and Analysts

Marginal note:Assistance

16 The owner or the person in charge of a place entered by an enforcement officer or analyst under this Act, and every person found in the place, shall

• (a) give the enforcement officer or analyst all reasonable assistance to enable the officer or analyst to carry out their duties or functions under this Act; and

• (b) provide the enforcement officer or analyst with any information with respect to the administration of this Act that the officer or analyst may reasonably require.

Miscellaneous Provisions

Marginal note:Documents admissible in evidence

• 16.1 (1) A document made, given or issued under this Act and appearing to be signed by an analyst is admissible in evidence and, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, is proof of the statements contained in the document without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed the document.

• Marginal note:Attendance of analyst

  (2) The party against whom the document is produced may, with leave of the court, require the attendance of the analyst who signed it.

• Marginal note:Notice

  (3) No document referred to in subsection (1) may be received in evidence unless the party intending to produce it has given to the party against whom it is intended to be produced reasonable notice of that intention together with a copy of the document.

Marginal note:Custody of things seized

• 17 (1) Subject to subsection (2), if an enforcement officer seizes a thing under this Act or under a warrant issued under the Criminal Code,

  • (a) sections 489.1 and 490 of the Criminal Code apply; and

  • (b) the officer, or any person that the officer may designate, shall retain custody of the thing subject to any order made under section 490 of the Criminal Code.

• Marginal note:Forfeiture if ownership not ascertainable

  (2) If the lawful ownership of or entitlement to a seized thing cannot be ascertained within 30 days after the day on which it is seized, the thing, or any proceeds of its disposition, are forfeited to Her Majesty in right of Canada.

Marginal note:Disposition by Minister

18 Any thing that has been forfeited under this Act may be dealt with and disposed of as the Minister may direct.

Marginal note:Liability for costs

19 If a thing is seized under this Act or under a warrant issued under the Criminal Code, the person who owned the thing at the time it was seized, the person who had charge or control of the thing immediately before it was seized and the person who possessed it immediately before it was seized are jointly and severally, or solidarily, liable for all the costs of seizure, detention, maintenance and forfeiture, including any destruction or disposal costs, incurred by Her Majesty in right of Canada in relation to the thing in excess of any proceeds of its disposition, if any.

Compliance Orders

Meaning of order

20 For the purpose of sections 21 to 30, order means a compliance order issued under section 21.

Marginal note:Order

• 21 (1) Whenever, during the course of an inspection or a search, an enforcement officer has reasonable grounds to believe that any provision of this Act or the regulations has been contravened by a person who is continuing the commission of the offence, or that any of those provisions are likely to be contravened, the enforcement officer may issue a compliance order directing any person who causes or contributes to the alleged contravention, or who is likely to do so, to take any of the measures referred to in subsection (2) that are reasonable in the circumstances in order to cease or refrain from committing the alleged contravention.

• Marginal note:Specific measures

  (2) The order may specify that the person to whom the order is directed take one or more of the following measures:

  • (a) refrain from doing anything in contravention of this Act or the regulations, or do anything to comply with this Act or the regulations;

  • (b) stop or shut down any activity, work, undertaking or thing for a specified period;

  • (c) cease the operation of any activity or any part of a work, undertaking or thing until the enforcement officer is satisfied that the activity, work, undertaking or thing will be operated in accordance with this Act and the regulations;

  • (d) move any conveyance to another location;

  • (e) unload or reload the contents of any conveyance; and

  • (f) take any other measure that the enforcement officer considers necessary to facilitate compliance with the order, including

    • (i) maintaining records on any relevant matter,

    • (ii) reporting periodically to the officer, and

    • (iii) submitting to the enforcement officer any information, proposal or plan specified by the officer that sets out any action to be taken by the person with respect to the subject matter of the order.

• Marginal note:Contents of order

  (3) Subject to section 22, an order must be made in writing and must set out

  • (a) the name of the person or persons to whom the order is directed;

  • (b) the provision of this Act or the regulations that is alleged to have been or that is likely to be contravened;

  • (c) the relevant facts surrounding the alleged contravention;

  • (d) the measures to be taken;

  • (e) the time or the day when each measure is to begin or the period during which it is to be carried out;

  • (f) subject to subsection (4), the duration of the order;

  • (g) a statement that a request for a review may be made to the Chief Review Officer; and

  • (h) the period within which a request for a review may be made.

• Marginal note:Duration of order

  (4) An order may not be in force for a period of more than 180 days.

• Marginal note:Failing to file report

  (5) For the purposes of subsection (1), a person who commits an offence by failing to file a report required by this Act or the regulations is deemed to be continuing the commission of the offence each day that the report is not filed.

• Marginal note:Statutory Instruments Act

  (6) An order is not a statutory instrument for the purposes of the Statutory Instruments Act.

Marginal note:Exigent circumstances

• 22 (1) In the case of exigent circumstances, an order may be given orally on the condition that it is followed, within seven days, by a written order issued in accordance with section 21.

• Meaning of exigent circumstances

  (2) For greater certainty, exigent circumstances includes circumstances in which the delay that is necessary to issue a written order that meets the requirements of subsection 21(3) would result in danger to human life or to the environment.

Marginal note:Notice of intent

• 23 (1) Except in exigent circumstances, an enforcement officer shall, whenever practicable, before issuing an order,

  • (a) provide every person who will be subject to the order with an oral or written notice of the officer’s intention to issue it; and

  • (b) allow a reasonable opportunity in the circumstances for the person to make oral representations.

• Marginal note:Contents of notice of intent

  (2) The notice of intent to issue the order must include

  • (a) a statement of the purpose of the notice;

  • (b) a reference to the statutory authority under which the order is to be issued; and

  • (c) a statement that the party notified may make oral representations to the enforcement officer within the period stated in the notice.

Marginal note:Compliance with order

• 24 (1) A person to whom an order is directed shall, immediately on receipt of the order or a copy of it or on being directed by an enforcement officer in an order given orally under subsection 22(1), comply with the order.

• Marginal note:No bar to proceedings

  (2) The issuance of or compliance with an order in respect of a person’s alleged contravention of this Act or the regulations is not a bar to any proceedings against the person under this or any other Act in relation to the alleged contravention.

Marginal note:Intervention by enforcement officer

• 25 (1) If a person to whom an order is directed fails to take any measures specified in it, an enforcement officer may take the measures or cause them to be taken.

• Marginal note:Access to property

  (2) An enforcement officer or other person authorized or required by an enforcement officer to take measures under subsection (1) may enter and have access to any place or property and may do any reasonable thing that may be necessary in the circumstances.

• Marginal note:Personal liability

  (3) Any person, other than a person referred to in subsection 21(1), who provides assistance or advice in taking the measures specified in an order or who takes any measures authorized or required by an enforcement officer under subsection (1) is not personally liable either civilly or criminally in respect of any act or omission in the course of providing assistance or advice or taking any measures under that subsection unless it is established that the person acted in bad faith.

Marginal note:Recovery of reasonable costs and expenses by Her Majesty

• 26 (1) Her Majesty in right of Canada may recover the costs and expenses of and incidental to any measures taken under subsection 25(1) from any person who caused or contributed to the alleged contravention, to the extent of the person’s negligence in causing or contributing to the alleged contravention.

• Marginal note:Costs must have been reasonably incurred

  (2) The costs and expenses may only be recovered to the extent that they can be established to have been reasonably incurred in the circumstances.

• Marginal note:Procedure

  (3) A claim under this section may be sued for and recovered by Her Majesty in right of Canada with costs in proceedings brought or taken in the name of Her Majesty in right of Canada in any court of competent jurisdiction.

• Marginal note:Recourse or indemnity

  (4) This section does not limit or restrict any right of recourse or indemnity that a person may have against any other person.

• Marginal note:Limitation period

  (5) If events giving rise to a claim under this section occur, no proceedings in respect of the claim may be instituted more than five years after the day on which the events occur or become evident to the Minister, whichever is later.

• Marginal note:Minister’s certificate

  (6) A document purporting to have been issued by the Minister certifying the day on which the events giving rise to a claim under this section came to the knowledge of the Minister shall be received in evidence and, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, the document is to be considered as proof of that fact without proof of the signature or of the official character of the person appearing to have signed the document and without further proof.