Canadian Aviation Regulations (SOR/96-433)

Maintenance of Aircraft

705.23 No air operator shall permit a person to conduct a take-off in an aircraft that has not been maintained in accordance with the air operator’s maintenance control system.

Checklist

• 705.24 (1) Every air operator shall establish the checklist referred to in paragraph 602.60(1)(a) for each aircraft type that it operates and shall make the appropriate parts of the checklist readily available to the crew members.

• (2) Every crew member shall follow the checklist referred to in subsection (1) in the performance of the crew member’s assigned duties.

Fuel Requirements

• 705.25 (1) Subject to subsection (2), no air operator shall authorize a flight and no person shall commence a flight unless the aircraft

  • (a) when operating in VFR flight, carries sufficient fuel to fly to the destination aerodrome and thereafter to fly for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed;

  • (b) when operating in IFR flight on designated routes or over designated areas as defined in the Commercial Air Service Standards, carries an enroute fuel reserve of five per cent of the fuel required to fly to the destination aerodrome; and

  • (c) when operating in IFR flight, except when complying with the Safety Criteria for Approval of Extended Range Twin-engine Operations (ETOPS) Manual, carries sufficient fuel to allow the aircraft

    • (i) to descend at any point along the route to the lower of

      • (A) the one-engine-inoperative service ceiling, or

      • (B) 10,000 feet ASL,

    • (ii) to cruise at the altitude referred to in subparagraph (i) to a suitable aerodrome,

    • (iii) to conduct an approach and a missed approach, and

    • (iv) to hold for 30 minutes at an altitude of 1,500 feet above the elevation of the aerodrome selected in accordance with subparagraph (ii).

• (2) An air operator may be authorized in an air operator certificate to reduce the enroute fuel reserve required by paragraph (1)(b) where the air operator complies with the Commercial Air Service Standards.

Extended Range Twin-engined Operations

• 705.26 (1) Subject to subsection (2), no air operator shall operate a twin-engined aeroplane on a route containing a point that is farther from an adequate aerodrome than the distance that can be flown in 60 minutes at the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed, unless the flight is conducted wholly within Canadian Domestic Airspace.

• (2) An air operator may operate an aeroplane on a route referred to in subsection (1) where

  • (a) the aeroplane is turbine-powered;

  • (b) the air operator is authorized to do so in its air operator certificate; and

  • (c) the air operator complies with the Safety Criteria for Approval of Extended Range Twin-engine Operations (ETOPS) Manual.

Admission to Flight Deck

• 705.27 (1) Where a Department of Transport air carrier inspector presents an official identity card to the pilot-in-command of an aircraft, the pilot-in-command shall give the inspector free and uninterrupted access to the flight deck of the aircraft.

• (2) An air operator and the pilot-in-command shall make available for the use of the air carrier inspector the observer seat most suitable to perform the inspector’s duties, as determined by the inspector.

• (3) No person shall be admitted to the flight deck of an aeroplane other than

  • (a) a flight crew member;

  • (b) a crew member performing their duties;

  • (c) an inspector referred to in subsection (1);

  • (d) in accordance with the procedures specified in the company operations manual,

    • (i) an employee of the air operator who is not a crew member performing their duties, and

    • (ii) a pilot, flight engineer or flight attendant employed by a wholly owned subsidiary or a code share partner of the air operator; and

  • (e) a person who has expertise related to the aeroplane, its equipment or its crew members and who is required to be in the flight deck to provide a service to the air operator.

• (4) The air operator shall verify

  • (a) in the case of a person referred to in paragraph (3)(d) or (e), the identity of the person by means of a personal photo identification issued by the air operator, its wholly owned subsidiary, its code share partner or a foreign government or a restricted area pass as defined in the Canadian Aviation Security Regulations; and

  • (b) in the case of a person referred to in paragraph (3)(d), the fact that

    • (i) the person is currently employed by the air operator, or by a wholly owned subsidiary or code share partner of the air operator, and

    • (ii) no seat is available for the person in the passenger compartment.

• (5) No person referred to in paragraph (3)(d), except an employee of the air operator who is undergoing the aircraft cockpit familiarization required for the performance of their duties, shall be admitted to the flight deck if a seat is available in the passenger compartment.

Seats for Cabin Safety Inspectors

705.28 An air operator shall provide a cabin safety inspector who is performing an in-flight cabin inspection with a confirmed passenger seat in the passenger compartment.

Flight Crew Members at Controls

• 705.29 (1) Subject to subsection (2), flight crew members who are on flight deck duty shall remain at their duty stations with their safety belts fastened and, where the aircraft is below 10,000 feet ASL, with their safety belts, including their shoulder harnesses, fastened.

• (2) Flight crew members may leave their duty stations where

  • (a) their absence is necessary for the performance of duties in connection with the operation of the aircraft;

  • (b) their absence is in connection with physiological needs; or

  • (c) they are taking a rest period and are relieved by other flight crew members who meet the qualifications set out in the Commercial Air Service Standards.

Simulation of Emergency Situations

705.30 No person shall, where passengers are on board an aircraft, simulate emergency situations that could affect the flight characteristics of the aircraft.

Crew Member Briefing

705.31 The pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall ensure that, prior to each flight or series of flight segments, the crew members of the aircraft are given a pre-flight briefing that meets the Commercial Air Service Standards.

VFR Flight Obstacle Clearance Requirements

705.32 Except when conducting a take-off or landing, no person shall operate an aeroplane in VFR flight

• (a) during the day, at less than 1,000 feet AGL or at a horizontal distance of less than 1,000 feet from any obstacle; or

• (b) at night, at less than 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle located within a horizontal distance of five miles from the route to be flown or, in designated mountainous regions, at less than 2,000 feet above the highest obstacle located within a horizontal distance of five miles from the route to be flown.

VFR Flight Weather Conditions

705.33 No person shall commence a VFR flight unless current weather reports and forecasts, if obtainable, indicate that the weather conditions along the route to be flown and at the destination aerodrome will be such that the flight can be conducted in compliance with VFR.

Take-off Minima

• 705.34 (1) Subject to subsection (2), no person shall conduct a take-off in an aircraft in IMC where weather conditions are at or above the take-off minima, but below the landing minima, for the runway to be used unless an alternate aerodrome is specified in the operational flight plan and that aerodrome is located

  • (a) in the case of a twin-engined aircraft, within the distance that can be flown in 60 minutes at the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed; or

  • (b) in the case of a three- or four-engined aircraft or where an air operator is authorized in its air operator certificate to conduct ETOPS with the type of aircraft operated, within the distance that can be flown in 120 minutes at the one-engine-inoperative cruise speed.

• (2) A person may conduct a take-off in an aircraft in IMC where weather conditions are at or above the take-off minima, but below the landing minima, for the runway to be used, if the weather conditions are at or above the landing minima for another suitable runway at that aerodrome, taking into account the aircraft performance operating limitations specified in Division IV.

• (3) For the purposes of section 602.126, a person may conduct a take-off in an aircraft in IMC where weather conditions are below the take-off minima specified in the instrument approach procedure, if the person

  • (a) is authorized to do so in an air operator certificate; and

  • (b) complies with the Commercial Air Service Standards.

• (4) For the purposes of this section, the landing minima are the decision height or the minimum descent altitude and the visibility published for an approach.