Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations

Marginal note:CO₂ emission standards — 2014 to 2020 model years

• 27 (1) Subject to subsections (7) and (8) and section 28, for the 2014 to 2020 model years, every tractor and incomplete tractor of a class referred to in column 1 of the table to this subsection and possessing the characteristics referred to in column 2 must, for the duration of its useful life, have a CO₂ emission rate that does not exceed the CO₂ emission standard set out in column 3 or 4 for the model year in question.

  	Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4
  Item	Class	Characteristics	CO2 Emission Standard (grams of CO2 per short ton-mile) for 2014 to 2016 Model Years	CO2 Emission Standard (grams of CO2 per short ton-mile) for 2017 to 2020 Model Years
  1	Class 7	Low-roof	107	104
  2	Class 7	Mid-roof	119	115
  3	Class 7	High-roof	124	120
  4	Class 8	Low-roof with day cab	81	80
  5	Class 8	Low-roof with sleeper cab	68	66
  6	Class 8	Mid-roof with day cab	88	86
  7	Class 8	Mid-roof with sleeper cab	76	73
  8	Class 8	High-roof with day cab	92	89
  9	Class 8	High-roof with sleeper cab	75	72

• Marginal note:CO₂ emission standards — 2021 model year and subsequent model years

  (1.1) Subject to subsections (1.2), (7) and (8) and section 28, for the 2021 model year and subsequent model years, every tractor and incomplete tractor of a class referred to in column 1 of the table to one of the following paragraphs and possessing the characteristics referred to in column 2 must, for the duration of its useful life, have a CO₂ emission rate that does not exceed the CO₂ emission standard set out in column 3, 4 or 5 of that table for the model year in question:

  • (a) in the case of a tractor or incomplete tractor that has a GCWR of less than 43 998 kg (97,000 pounds),

    	Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4	Column 5
    Item	Class	Characteristics	CO2 Emission Standard (grams of CO2 per short ton-mile) for 2021 to 2023 Model Years	CO2 Emission Standard (grams of CO2 per short ton-mile) for 2024 to 2026 Model Years	CO2 Emission Standard (grams of CO2 per short ton-mile) for 2027 and Subsequent Model Years
    1	Class 7	Low-roof	105.5	99.8	96.2
    2	Class 7	Mid-roof	113.2	107.1	103.4
    3	Class 7	High-roof	113.5	106.6	100.0
    4	Class 8	Low-roof with day cab	80.5	76.2	73.4
    5	Class 8	Low-roof with sleeper cab	72.3	68.0	64.1
    6	Class 8	Mid-roof with day cab	85.4	80.9	78.0
    7	Class 8	Mid-roof with sleeper cab	78.0	73.5	69.6
    8	Class 8	High-roof with day cab	85.6	80.4	75.7
    9	Class 8	High-roof with sleeper cab	75.7	70.7	64.3

  • (b) in the case of a tractor or incomplete tractor that has a GCWR of 43 998 kg (97,000 pounds) or more, but less than 54 431 kg (120,000 pounds), or

    	Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4	Column 5
    Item	Class	Characteristics	CO2 Emission Standard (grams of CO2 per short ton-mile) for 2021 to 2023 Model Years	CO2 Emission Standard (grams of CO2 per short ton-mile) for 2024 to 2026 Model Years	CO2 Emission Standard (grams of CO2 per short ton-mile) for 2027 and Subsequent Model Years
    1	Class 8	Low-roof with day cab	82.8	79.1	76.6
    2	Class 8	Low-roof with sleeper cab	74.8	71.2	67.8
    3	Class 8	Mid-roof with day cab	87.9	84.0	81.4
    4	Class 8	Mid-roof with sleeper cab	80.8	76.9	73.6
    5	Class 8	High-roof with day cab	88.2	83.5	79.0
    6	Class 8	High-roof with sleeper cab	78.4	73.9	68.0

  • (c) in the case of a tractor or incomplete tractor that has a GCWR of 54 431 kg (120,000 pounds) or more,

    	Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4	Column 5
    Item	Class	Characteristics	CO2 Emission Standard (grams of CO2 per short ton-mile) for 2021 to 2023 Model Years	CO2 Emission Standard (grams of CO2 per short ton-mile) for 2024 to 2026 Model Years	CO2 Emission Standard (grams of CO2 per short ton-mile) for 2027 and Subsequent Model Years
    1	Class 8	Low-roof with day cab	53.5	50.8	48.9
    2	Class 8	Low-roof with sleeper cab	47.1	44.5	42.4
    3	Class 8	Mid-roof with day cab	55.6	52.8	50.8
    4	Class 8	Mid-roof with sleeper cab	49.6	46.9	44.7
    5	Class 8	High-roof with day cab	54.5	51.4	48.6
    6	Class 8	High-roof with sleeper cab	47.1	44.2	41.0

• Marginal note:Alternative standards — heavy-haul tractors

  (1.2) For the 2021 model year and subsequent model years, a company may elect to have one or more of its heavy-haul tractors and incomplete tractors that are to become heavy-haul tractors conform, for the duration of their useful life, to a CO₂ emission rate that does not exceed the following CO₂ emission standard instead of having them conform to the applicable standard set out in paragraph (1.1)(c):

  • (a) for the 2021 to 2023 model years, 52.4 grams of CO₂ per short ton-mile;

  • (b) for the 2024 to 2026 model years, 50.2 grams of CO₂ per short ton-mile; and

  • (c) for the 2027 model year and subsequent model years, 48.3 grams of CO₂ per short ton-mile.

• Marginal note:Modelling CO₂ emissions to demonstrate compliance

  (2) The CO₂ emission rate must be determined in accordance with sections 501 and 520 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart F, of the CFR,

  • (a) using the version of the GEM computer simulation model applicable for the model year in question; and

  • (b) in the case of tractors and incomplete tractors of the 2021 model year or a subsequent model year that are plug-in hybrid vehicles or fuel cell vehicles powered by any fuel other than hydrogen, taking into account the powertrain testing procedure set out in section 550 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart F, of the CFR.

• Marginal note:Reference in CFR — interpretation

  (3) For the purposes of subsection (2), a reference in the CFR to “regulatory subcategory” is to be read as a reference to the fleet referred to in one of subparagraphs 18(3)(a)(ix) to (xvi) that includes the same type of tractors and incomplete tractors as those to which the simulation model is being applied but, in the case of tractors and incomplete tractors of the 2021 model year or a subsequent model year that have a GCWR of 43 998 kg (97,000 pounds) or more, but less than 54 431 kg (120,000 pounds), is to be read as a reference to the fleet referred to in subparagraph 18(3)(a)(xiii).

• Marginal note:Electric vehicles or fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogen

  (4) For the purposes of this section and sections 34 to 47, the CO₂ emission rate of tractors and incomplete tractors of the 2021 model year or a subsequent model year that are electric vehicles or fuel cell vehicles powered by hydrogen is zero grams of CO₂ per short ton-mile.

• Marginal note:Weight reduction technologies

  (5) For greater certainty, CO₂ emission credits for weight reduction technologies other than those that are referred to in section 520(e) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart F, of the CFR may be obtained under section 41.

• Marginal note:Alternative method for measuring drag area

  (6) Instead of the coastdown method referred to in section 525 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart F, of the CFR, a company may elect to measure the tractor’s drag area (C_dA) in accordance with any other method referred to in that section if the test results are adjusted to correlate with test results that would be obtained if the coastdown method were used, as specified in that section, and if

  • (a) in the case of a tractor that is covered by an EPA certificate, the election has been approved by the EPA for that tractor and the company provides the Minister with evidence of the EPA approval; and

  • (b) in the case of a tractor that is not covered by an EPA certificate, the company provides the Minister with evidence demonstrating that the alternative method for measuring the tractor’s drag area referred to in this subsection is more representative of that tractor’s drag area.

• Marginal note:Election to conform to standards for heavier tractors

  (7) For any given tractor or incomplete tractor referred to in subsection (1) or (1.1) that is or is to become a Class 7 tractor, a company may elect to have it conform to the emission standards set out in subsection (1) or (1.1) that are applicable to a Class 8 tractor of the same model year with the same characteristics, for a period that is equivalent to the useful life of those Class 8 tractors, instead of the standards set out in subsection (1) or (1.1) that are applicable to Class 7 tractors.

• Marginal note:Calculation using fleets and subfleets

  (8) A company may, instead of complying with subsection (1), (1.1) or (1.2) for all of its tractors and incomplete tractors of a given model year, elect to group those tractors and incomplete tractors into fleets or subfleets, as the case may be, in accordance with section 18 and participate in the CO₂ emission credit system set out in sections 34 to 47.

• Marginal note:Calculation — election under subsection (7)

  (8.1) If a company makes an election under subsection (7) in respect of a tractor or incomplete tractor, the company may group all of its tractors and incomplete tractors of a given model year into fleets or subfleets, as the case may be, in accordance with section 18 and participate in the CO₂ emission credit system set out in sections 34 to 47, but must not obtain any credits or additional credits in respect of the vehicles that conform to that standard, except in accordance with sections 34 to 41 in the following cases:

  • (a) if the company elects to have all of its tractors or incomplete tractors that are or are to become Class 7 tractors conform to the standards that apply in respect of a Class 8 tractor of the same model year with the same characteristics, for a period that is equivalent to the useful life of those Class 8 tractors, the tractors must be grouped in the same fleet or subfleet, as the case may be, as those Class 8 tractors; and

  • (b) if the company elects to have one or more of its tractors or incomplete tractors that are or are to become Class 7 tractors with a heavy heavy-duty engine and a single rear axle conform to the standards that apply in respect of a Class 8 tractor of the same model year with the same characteristics, for a period that is equivalent to the useful life of those Class 8 tractors, the tractors must be grouped in the same fleet or subfleet, as the case may be, as those Class 8 tractors.

• Marginal note:Tractors exceeding standards under subsection (7)

  (8.2) If a company makes an election under subsection (7) in respect of one or more of its tractors or incomplete tractors and the CO₂ emission rate of one or more of those tractors exceeds the CO₂ emission standard that applies in respect of Class 8 tractors of the same model year with the same characteristics, the tractors must be grouped in the same fleet or subfleet, as the case may be, as those Class 8 tractors in accordance with section 18 and the company must participate in the CO₂ emission credit system set out in sections 34 to 47.

• Marginal note:Family emission limit

  (9) For the purposes of subsections (8) to (8.2), every tractor and incomplete tractor included within a fleet or subfleet must conform to the CO₂ family emission limit for the fleet or subfleet, as the case may be.

• (10) [Repealed, SOR/2018-98, s. 29]