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Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations

Version of section 1 from 2013-02-22 to 2018-11-15:
 


Marginal note:Definitions

  • 1 (1) The following definitions apply in these Regulations.

    Act

    Act means the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999. (Loi)

    adjusted loaded vehicle weight

    adjusted loaded vehicle weight means the numerical average of the curb weight and the GVWR, and in the case of vehicles referred to in subsection 26(6) with an adjusted loaded vehicle weight of more than 6 350 kg (14,000 pounds), the value corresponding to the nearest 225 kg (500 pounds) increment. (poids ajusté du véhicule chargé)

    aftertreatment device

    aftertreatment device means a catalytic converter, particulate filter or any other system or component mounted downstream of the exhaust valve or exhaust port that is designed to decrease engine exhaust emissions before they are released into the environment. (dispositif de traitement postcombustion)

    A to B testing

    A to B testing means testing performed in pairs to allow comparison of vehicle A to vehicle B or engine A to engine B, as the case may be. (essais A à B)

    auxiliary emission control device

    auxiliary emission control device means any element of design that senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine RPM, transmission gear, manifold vacuum, or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying or deactivating the operation of any part of an emission control system. (dispositif antipollution auxiliaire)

    averaging set

    averaging set means, for the purpose of a company’s participation in the CO2 emission credit system set out in sections 34 to 47, any of the following groups of fleets of vehicles or engines:

    • (a) Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles, excluding those referred to in the definition vocational vehicle;

    • (b) Class 2B, Class 3, Class 4 and Class 5 vocational vehicles and incomplete vocational vehicles;

    • (c) Class 6 and Class 7 heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty incomplete vehicles;

    • (d) Class 8 heavy-duty vehicles and heavy-duty incomplete vehicles;

    • (e) heavy-duty engines that are spark-ignition engines;

    • (f) light heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines;

    • (g) medium heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines; or

    • (h) heavy heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines. (groupe de calcul de points)

    basic vehicle frontal area

    basic vehicle frontal area means the area enclosed by the geometric projection of the basic vehicle — including tires but not mirrors or air deflectors — along the longitudinal axis of the vehicle onto a plane perpendicular to that axis. (surface frontale du véhicule de base)

    cab-complete vehicle

    cab-complete vehicle means a heavy-duty incomplete vehicle with either a completed occupant compartment that requires only the addition of a cargo-carrying surface, work-performing equipment or load-bearing component to perform its intended functions or with the back of the cab cut out for the intended installation of a structure that permits access from the driver’s area to the back of the vehicle. (véhicule à cabine complète)

    calibration

    calibration means the set of specifications and tolerances specific to a particular design, version or application of a component or assembly that describes its operation over its working range. (calibrages)

    CFR

    CFR means the Code of Federal Regulations of the United States, as amended from time to time. (CFR)

    CH4

    CH4 means methane. (CH4)

    Class 2B

    Class 2B means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 3 856 kg (8,500 pounds) but not more than 4 536 kg (10,000 pounds). (classe 2B)

    Class 3

    Class 3 means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 4 536 kg (10,000 pounds) but not more than 6 350 kg (14,000 pounds). (classe 3)

    Class 4

    Class 4 means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 6 350 kg (14,000 pounds) but not more than 7 257 kg (16,000 pounds). (classe 4)

    Class 5

    Class 5 means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 7 257 kg (16,000 pounds) but not more than 8 845 kg (19,500 pounds). (classe 5)

    Class 6

    Class 6 means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 8 845 kg (19,500 pounds) but not more than 11 793 kg (26,000 pounds). (classe 6)

    Class 7

    Class 7 means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 11 793 kg (26,000 pounds) but not more than 14 969 kg (33,000 pounds). (classe 7)

    Class 8

    Class 8 means a class of heavy-duty vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 14 969 kg (33,000 pounds). (classe 8)

    compression-ignition engine

    compression-ignition engine means an engine that operates as a reciprocating internal combustion engine, but does not include an engine that operates under characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle or an engine that uses a spark plug or other sparking device. (moteur à allumage par compression)

    CO2

    CO2 means carbon dioxide. (CO2)

    CO2 family certification level

    CO2 family certification level means the maximum CO2 emission level that is determined by a company for heavy-duty engines. (niveau de certification de la famille applicable au CO2)

    curb weight

    curb weight means the actual or manufacturer’s estimated weight of a heavy-duty vehicle in operational status with all standard equipment and includes the weight of fuel at nominal tank capacity and the weight of optional equipment. (masse en état de marche)

    day cab

    day cab means a tractor cab that is not a sleeper cab. (cabine de jour)

    deteriorated emission level

    deteriorated emission level means the emission level that results from applying the applicable deterioration factor to the emission test results for a vehicle or engine. (niveau d’émissions détérioré)

    deterioration factor

    deterioration factor means the relationship between the emission level measured at the end of useful life or at the point where it is the highest during the useful life and the undeteriorated emission level measured at the point corresponding to a maximum of 6 437 km (4,000 miles) of operation in relation to a vehicle that has stabilized emissions and a maximum of 125 hours of operation in relation to an engine that has stabilized emissions, determined in accordance with

    • (a) section 1823(m) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart S, of the CFR, and section 104(d)(5) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart B, of the CFR, in the case of Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles, excluding those referred to in the definition vocational vehicle;

    • (b) section 241(c) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart C, of the CFR, in the case of vocational vehicles, incomplete vocational vehicles, tractors and incomplete tractors; and

    • (c) section 150(g) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart B, of the CFR, and section 241(c) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart C, of the CFR, in the case of heavy-duty engines. (facteur de détérioration)

    electric vehicle

    electric vehicle means a heavy-duty vehicle that is not equipped with an internal combustion engine and is powered solely by an external source of electricity or solar power or a combination of both electricity and solar power. (véhicule électrique)

    element of design

    element of design means, in respect of a vehicle or engine,

    • (a) any control system, including computer software, electronic control systems and computer logic;

    • (b) any control system calibrations;

    • (c) the results of systems interaction; or

    • (d) any hardware items. (élément de conception)

    emission control system

    emission control system means any emission control device, auxiliary emission control device, engine modification and strategy, and other element of design used to reduce exhaust emissions from a vehicle or engine. (système antipollution)

    engine configuration

    engine configuration means a unique combination of heavy-duty engine hardware and calibration that has an effect on measured emissions. (configuration de moteur)

    engine family

    engine family means the classification unit of a company’s product line of heavy-duty engines for the purposes of testing selection, determined in accordance with section 230 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1036, subpart C, of the CFR. (famille de moteurs)

    EPA

    EPA means the United States Environmental Protection Agency. (EPA)

    EPA certificate

    EPA certificate means a certificate of conformity with U.S. federal standards issued by the EPA. (certificat de l’EPA)

    family emission limit

    family emission limit means, as the case may be,

    • (a) the value corresponding to the product of 1.03 multiplied by the CO2 family certification level in the case of a heavy-duty engine’s CO2 emissions; or

    • (b) the maximum emission level determined by a company, in the case of

      • (i) a heavy-duty vehicle’s CO2 emissions, and,

      • (ii) a heavy-duty vehicle and heavy-duty engine’s N2O or CH4 emissions. (limite d’émissions de la famille)

    FTP-based city test

    FTP-based city test means the Federal Test Procedure set out in section 127 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart B, of the CFR, to comply with the FTP emission standards. (essai en ville)

    GAWR

    GAWR means the gross axle weight rating that is specified by a manufacturer as the load-carrying capacity of a single axle system, as measured at the tire-ground interface. (PNBE)

    GCWR

    GCWR means the gross combination weight rating that is specified by a manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a vehicle and trailer. (PNBC)

    GEM computer simulation model

    GEM computer simulation model means the EPA’s GEM computer simulation model referred to in section 520 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart F, of the CFR. (modèle de simulation informatique GEM)

    GVWR

    GVWR means the gross vehicle weight rating that is specified by a manufacturer as the maximum design loaded weight of a vehicle. (PNBV)

    heavy-duty completed vehicle

    heavy-duty completed vehicle means a heavy-duty vehicle that has a cargo-carrying surface, work-performing equipment or primary load-carrying device or that is capable of pulling a trailer. (véhicule lourd complet)

    heavy-duty engine

    heavy-duty engine means an engine that is designed to be used for motive power in a vocational vehicle or a tractor. (moteur de véhicule lourd)

    heavy-duty incomplete vehicle

    heavy-duty incomplete vehicle means a heavy-duty vehicle that is manufactured by assembling components — none of which, taken separately, constitutes a heavy-duty incomplete vehicle — and that consists of, at a minimum, a chassis structure, a powertrain and wheels in the state in which all of those components are to be part of the heavy-duty completed vehicle, but that requires further manufacturing operations to become so. (véhicule lourd incomplet)

    heavy-duty vehicle

    heavy-duty vehicle means an on-road vehicle that has a GVWR of more than 3 856 kg (8,500 pounds), a curb weight of more than 2 722 kg (6,000 pounds) or a basic vehicle frontal area in excess of 4.2 m2 (45 square feet), but does not include a medium-duty passenger vehicle as defined in subsection 1(1) of the On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emission Regulations or a vehicle regulated under the Passenger Automobile and Light Truck Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations. (véhicule lourd)

    heavy heavy-duty engine

    heavy heavy-duty engine means a heavy-duty engine that has cylinder liners designed for multiple rebuilds and is designed to be used in Class 8 heavy-duty vehicles. (gros moteur de véhicule lourd)

    heavy heavy-duty vehicle

    heavy heavy-duty vehicle means a Class 8 heavy-duty vehicle. (gros véhicule lourd)

    HFET-based highway test

    HFET-based highway test means the Highway Fuel Economy Test Procedure referred to in subpart B of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter Q, part 600, of the CFR. (essai sur route)

    high-roof

    high-roof, in relation to a tractor, means having a roof height of 376 cm (148 inches) or more. (toit élevé)

    hybrid engine

    hybrid engine or hybrid powertrain means an engine or a powertrain that is equipped with energy storage features — other than a conventional battery system or conventional flywheel — such as supplemental electric batteries and hydraulic accumulators. (moteur hybride ou groupe motopropulseur hybride)

    hybrid vehicle

    hybrid vehicle means a heavy-duty vehicle that is equipped with energy storage features — other than a conventional battery system or conventional flywheel — such as supplemental electric batteries and hydraulic accumulators, in addition to an internal combustion engine or other engine that uses fuel. (véhicule hybride)

    incomplete tractor

    incomplete tractor means a heavy-duty incomplete vehicle that is designed to become a tractor on completion of manufacturing operations. (tracteur routier incomplet)

    incomplete vocational vehicle

    incomplete vocational vehicle means a heavy-duty incomplete vehicle that is designed to become a vocational vehicle on completion of manufacturing operations. (véhicule spécialisé incomplet)

    innovative technology

    innovative technology means a greenhouse gas emission reduction technology for which the total emission reduction attributable to it cannot be measured by either GEM computer simulation modelling or the test procedures specified under these Regulations. (technologie innovatrice)

    light heavy-duty engine

    light heavy-duty engine means a heavy-duty engine that is designed to be used in Class 2B, Class 3, Class 4 or Class 5 heavy-duty vehicles. (petit moteur de véhicule lourd)

    light heavy-duty vehicle

    light heavy-duty vehicle means a Class 2B, Class 3, Class 4 or Class 5 heavy-duty vehicle. (petit véhicule lourd)

    low-roof

    low-roof, in relation to a tractor, means having a roof height of 305 cm (120 inches) or less. (toit bas)

    medium heavy-duty engine

    medium heavy-duty engine means a heavy-duty engine that is designed to be used in Class 6 and Class 7 heavy-duty vehicles. (moteur moyen de véhicule lourd)

    medium heavy-duty vehicle

    medium heavy-duty vehicle means a Class 6 or Class 7 heavy-duty vehicle. (véhicule mi-lourd)

    mid-roof

    mid-roof, in relation to a tractor, means having a roof height of more than 305 cm (120 inches) but less than 376 cm (148 inches). (toit moyen)

    model year

    model year means the year, determined in accordance with section 4, that is used by a manufacturer to designate a model of vehicle or engine. (année de modèle)

    nominal tank capacity

    nominal tank capacity means the fuel tank’s volume that is specified by a manufacturer to the nearest three eighths of a litre (one tenth of a U.S. gallon). (capacité nominale du réservoir à carburant)

    N2O

    N2O means nitrous oxide. (N2O)

    on-road vehicle

    on-road vehicle means a self-propelled vehicle that is designed for or capable of transporting persons, property, material or permanently or temporarily affixed apparatus on a highway, but does not mean a vehicle that

    • (a) cannot exceed a speed of 40 km/h (25 miles per hour) on a level paved surface;

    • (b) lacks features customarily associated with safe and practical highway use such as a reverse gear, a differential or safety features that are required by federal or provincial laws;

    • (c) exhibits features that render its use on a highway unsafe, impractical or highly unlikely, such as tracked road contact means or inordinate size; or

    • (d) is a military vehicle that is designed for use in combat or combat support. (véhicule routier)

    power take-off

    power take-off means a secondary engine shaft or other system of a vehicle that provides substantial auxiliary power for purposes unrelated to vehicle propulsion or the functioning of customary vehicle accessories such as air conditioning, power steering and basic accessories. (prise de mouvement)

    sleeper cab

    sleeper cab means a tractor cab that has a compartment located behind the driver’s seat that is designed to be used as a sleeping accommodation and that is accessible either from the driver’s compartment or from outside the vehicle. (cabine couchette)

    spark-ignition engine

    spark-ignition engine means an engine that operates under characteristics significantly similar to the theoretical Otto combustion cycle and uses a spark plug or other sparking device. (moteur à allumage commandé)

    static loaded radius

    static loaded radius means the distance between the level surface where the vehicle is located and the axle centre measured at curb weight when the vehicle is stationary, with the wheels parallel to the vehicle’s longitudinal centre line and the tires inflated to the manufacturer’s recommended cold tire inflation pressure. (rayon sous charge statique)

    steady state duty cycle

    steady state duty cycle means the test cycle that is referred to in section 1362 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart N, of the CFR. (cycle de service permanent)

    test weight

    test weight means the vehicle weight that is used or represented during testing. (masse à l’essai)

    tire rolling resistance level

    tire rolling resistance level means the rolling resistance of a tire configuration, expressed in kilograms per tonne. (niveau de résistance au roulement du pneu)

    tractor

    tractor means a Class 7 or Class 8 heavy-duty vehicle that is manufactured primarily for pulling a trailer but not for carrying cargo other than cargo in the trailer. (tracteur routier)

    transient duty cycle

    transient duty cycle means the test cycle that is referred to in section 1333 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart N, of the CFR. (cycle de service transitoire)

    vehicle configuration

    vehicle configuration means, in respect of Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles, a configuration as defined in section 104(d)(12)(i) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart B, of the CFR. (configuration de véhicule)

    vehicle service class

    vehicle service class means any one of the following groups:

    • (a) light heavy-duty vehicles;

    • (b) medium heavy-duty vehicles; or

    • (c) heavy heavy-duty vehicles. (classe de service d’un véhicule)

    vehicle subconfiguration

    vehicle subconfiguration means, within a vehicle configuration of Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles, a unique combination of equivalent test weight and road load horsepower, and any other operational characteristics or parameters that may significantly affect CO2 emissions within the vehicle configuration. (sous-configuration de véhicule)

    vocational tractor

    vocational tractor means any of the following tractors that are not designed primarily to operate at high and constant speeds such as on highways, or that would not benefit from efficiency improvements designed for line-haul tractors:

    • (a) a low-roof tractor that is designed for local pickup and delivery;

    • (b) a tractor that is designed for both on-road and off-road use, such as a tractor with a reinforced frame and increased ground clearance; or

    • (c) a tractor that has a GCWR of more than 54 431 kg (120,000 pounds). (tracteur routier spécialisé)

    vocational vehicle

    vocational vehicle means any of the following:

    • (a) a Class 4, Class 5 or Class 6 heavy-duty vehicle;

    • (b) a Class 7 or Class 8 heavy-duty vehicle that is not a tractor;

    • (c) a vocational tractor;

    • (d) a heavy-duty incomplete vehicle that is not a cab-complete vehicle and is equipped with an engine conforming to the alternative standard referred to in section 25; or

    • (e) a Class 2B or Class 3 heavy-duty vehicle referred to in section 104(f) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1037, subpart B, of the CFR. (véhicule spécialisé)

  • Marginal note:CFR

    (2) Standards that are incorporated by reference in these Regulations from the CFR are those expressly set out in the CFR and must be read as excluding

    • (a) references to the EPA or the Administrator of the EPA exercising discretion in any way;

    • (b) references to the Secretary of Transportation exercising discretion in any way;

    • (c) alternative standards related to fleet averages, other averages, emission credits, small volume manufacturers or financial hardship; and

    • (d) standards or evidence of conformity of any authority other than the EPA.

  • Marginal note:Interpretation

    (3) For the purposes of subsection (2), a reference in the CFR to “carbon-related exhaust emissions” and “CREE” must be read as “CO2 emissions”.

  • Marginal note:Rounding

    (4) The calculations and measurements in these Regulations must be rounded in accordance with section 20(e) of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, part 1065, subpart A, of the CFR, unless otherwise provided in

    • (a) these Regulations;

    • (b) part 1037 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, of the CFR, for the applicable standards and test procedures in the case of heavy-duty vehicles; or

    • (c) part 1036 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter U, of the CFR, for the applicable standards and test procedures in the case of heavy-duty engines.

  • Marginal note:Useful life

    (5) “Useful life”, unless otherwise provided in these Regulations, refers to the period of time or use in respect of which an emission standard applies to, as the case may be,

    • (a) Class 2B and Class 3 heavy-duty vehicles and cab-complete vehicles — excluding those referred to in the definition vocational vehicle in subsection (1) — namely, 11 years or 193 121 km (120,000 miles), whichever occurs first;

    • (b) Class 2B, Class 3, Class 4 and Class 5 vocational vehicles and incomplete vocational vehicles, heavy-duty engines that are spark-ignition engines and light heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines, namely, 10 years or 177 027 km (110,000 miles), whichever occurs first;

    • (c) Class 6 and Class 7 vocational vehicles and incomplete vocational vehicles, Class 7 tractors and incomplete tractors and medium heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines, namely, 10 years or 297 728 km (185,000 miles), whichever occurs first;

    • (d) Class 8 vocational vehicles, incomplete vocational vehicles, tractors and incomplete tractors, namely, 10 years or 700 064 km (435,000 miles), whichever occurs first; or

    • (e) heavy heavy-duty engines that are compression-ignition engines, namely, as set out in section 2 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, part 86, subpart A, of the CFR, for emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOX), hydrocarbon (HC), particulate matter (PM) and carbon monoxide (CO).

  • Marginal note:Roof height — tractors

    (6) Subject to subsections (7) and (8), “roof height” refers to the maximum height of a tractor, rounded to the nearest inch, excluding small accessories such as exhaust pipes and antennas, but including large accessories such as roof fairings, and measured with tires inflated to the manufacturer’s recommended cold tire inflation pressure and without occupants or cargo onboard.

  • Marginal note:Roof height measurement — tractors

    (7) The roof height of a tractor must be measured with a static loaded radius equal to the arithmetic mean of the largest and smallest static loaded radius of the tires that are recommended for the tractor by the manufacturer.

  • Marginal note:Adjustable roof fairing — tractors

    (8) In the case of a tractor equipped with an adjustable roof fairing, the roof height must be measured with the fairing in its lowest setting.

  • Marginal note:Family emission limit

    (9) A family emission limit and a CO2 family certification level must be expressed to the same number of decimal places as the emission standard they replace.

  • Marginal note:Spark-ignition engines

    (10) For the purposes of these Regulations, a spark-ignition engine that is regulated as a “diesel engine” under part 86 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, of the CFR, must conform to the standards, test procedures and calculation methods applicable to a compression-ignition engine.

  • Marginal note:Compression-ignition engines

    (11) For the purposes of these Regulations, a compression-ignition engine that is regulated as an “Otto-cycle engine” under part 86 of Title 40, chapter I, subchapter C, of the CFR, must conform to the standards, test procedures and calculation methods applicable to a spark-ignition engine.


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