Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999
Marginal note:Inspection
218 (1) Subject to subsection (2), for the purposes of this Act and the regulations, an enforcement officer may, at any reasonable time, enter and inspect any place if the enforcement officer has reasonable grounds to believe that
(a) there can be found in the place a substance to which this Act applies or a product containing such a substance;
(b) a fuel to which this Act applies is being or has been produced or can be found in the place;
(c) a cleaning product or water conditioner, as defined in section 116, is being or has been produced or can be found in the place;
(d) regulations made under section 209 apply to or in respect of the place;
(e) the place is a source in respect of which regulations have been made under section 167 or 177 or a place in respect of which regulations have been made under section 200;
(f) a substance is being loaded for the purpose of disposal at sea or is being disposed of at sea;
(g) any vehicle, engine or equipment of a class for which standards for emissions have been prescribed that is owned by or is on the premises of a company or a consignee of imported vehicles or engines or imported equipment can be found in the place;
(h) any component to be used in the manufacture of a vehicle, engine or equipment for which standards for emissions have been prescribed can be found in the place;
(i) any record in relation to the design, manufacture, testing and field performance of a vehicle, engine or equipment in so far as it relates to emissions can be found in the place; or
(j) any books, records, electronic data or other documents relevant to the administration of this Act can be found in the place.
Marginal note:Private dwelling-place
(2) An enforcement officer may not enter a private dwelling-place or any part of a place that is designed to be used and is being used as a permanent or temporary private dwelling-place except
(a) with the consent of the occupant of the place; or
(b) under the authority of a warrant issued under subsection (3).
Marginal note:Warrant for inspection of dwelling-place
(3) Where on ex parte application a justice is satisfied by information on oath that
(a) the conditions for entry described in subsection (1) exist in relation to a private dwelling-place,
(b) entry to the dwelling-place is necessary for any purpose relating to the administration of this Act, and
(c) entry to the dwelling-place has been refused or there are reasonable grounds for believing that entry will be refused,
the justice may issue a warrant authorizing the enforcement officer named in it to conduct an inspection of the dwelling-place subject to any conditions that may be specified in the warrant, and authorizing any other person named therein to accompany the enforcement officer and exercise any power specified in the warrant.
Marginal note:Warrants for inspection of non-dwellings
(4) Where on ex parte application a justice is satisfied by information on oath that
(a) the conditions for entry described in subsection (1) exist in relation to a place other than a private dwelling-place,
(b) entry to that place is necessary for any purpose relating to the administration of this Act,
(c) entry to that place has been refused, the enforcement officer was not able to enter without the use of force or the place was abandoned, and
(d) subject to subsection (5), all reasonable attempts were made to notify the owner, operator or person in charge of the place,
the justice may issue a warrant authorizing the enforcement officer named in it to conduct an inspection of the place, subject to any conditions that may be specified in the warrant, and authorizing any other person named therein to accompany the enforcement officer and exercise any power specified in the warrant.
Marginal note:Waiving notice
(5) The justice may waive the requirement to give notice referred to in subsection (4) where the justice is satisfied that attempts to give the notice would be unsuccessful because the owner, operator or person in charge is absent from the jurisdiction of the justice or that it is not in the public interest to give the notice.
Marginal note:Use of force
(6) In executing a warrant issued under subsection (3) or (4), an enforcement officer shall not use force unless the use of force has been specifically authorized in the warrant.
Marginal note:Stopping and detaining conveyances
(7) For the purposes of this Act and the regulations, an enforcement officer may, at any reasonable time, direct that any conveyance be stopped or be moved to a place where an inspection can be carried out and may, for a reasonable time, detain any conveyance, platform or other structure.
Marginal note:Powers in relation to ships, etc.
(8) Subject to subsection (2), for the purposes of this Act and the regulations, an enforcement officer may, at any reasonable time,
(a) board any ship, platform or other structure anywhere in Canada or within Canadian waters or any aircraft if the enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that the ship, platform or other structure or aircraft has on board a substance to be disposed of at sea; and
(b) travel on any ship, aircraft, platform or other structure that is loaded with a substance to be disposed of at sea.
Marginal note:Enforcement officer to receive accommodation
(9) An enforcement officer who travels on a ship, aircraft, platform or other structure under paragraph (8)(b) shall be carried free of charge to and from the disposal site and the person in command of the ship or aircraft or in charge of the platform or structure shall provide the enforcement officer with suitable accommodation and food.
Marginal note:Powers of enforcement officer
(10) In carrying out an inspection of a place under this section, an enforcement officer may, for the purposes of this Act,
(a) examine any substance, product, fuel, cleaning product or water conditioner referred to in subsection (1) or any other thing relevant to the administration of this Act that is found in the place;
(b) open and examine any receptacle or package found that the enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds contains any substance, product, air contaminant, fuel, cleaning product or water conditioner, engine, equipment or component;
(c) examine any books, records, electronic data or other documents that the enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds contain any information relevant to the administration of this Act and make copies of them or take extracts from them;
(d) take samples of anything relevant to the administration of this Act; and
(e) conduct any tests or take any measurements.
Marginal note:Disposition of samples
(11) An enforcement officer who takes a sample under paragraph (10)(d) may dispose of it in any manner that the enforcement officer considers appropriate.
Marginal note:Analysts
(12) An analyst may, for the purposes of this Act, accompany an enforcement officer who is carrying out an inspection of a place under this section and the analyst may, when so accompanying an enforcement officer, enter the place and exercise any of the powers described in subsections (8) and (10).
Marginal note:Operation of computer system and copying equipment
(13) In carrying out an inspection of a place under this section, an enforcement officer may
(a) use or cause to be used any computer system at the place to examine any data contained in or available to the computer system;
(b) reproduce any record or cause it to be reproduced from the data in the form of a printout or other intelligible output;
(c) take a printout or other output for examination or copying; and
(d) use or cause to be used any copying equipment at the place to make copies of the record.
Marginal note:Duty of person in possession or control
(14) Every person who is in possession or control of a place being inspected under this section shall permit the enforcement officer to do anything referred to in subsection (13).
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